INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY:INTRODUCTORY LECTURE

INTRODUCTION                         TO    

                                                   MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Walter W. Waswa 

Defining Microbiology

•Medical Microbiology is the study of microorganisms:

–Bacteria

–Fungus

–Parasites

–Viruses

–Most can only be seen with the microscope!

•What is Microbiology

•Study of different Microorganisms

•Can be

     Bacteria

     Viruses

     Parasites

     Fungus

•Coverage of subject

•General Microbiology

•Bacteriology

•Mycology

•Virology

•Parasitology and entomology

•Microbes in Our Lives

•Microorganisms are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

•“Germ” refers to a rapidly growing cell.

Naming and Classifying Microorganisms

•Carolus Linnaeus (1735) established the system of scientific nomenclature.

•Each organism has two names: the genus and specific epithet.

•Are italicized or underlined. The genus is capitalized and the specific epithet is lower case.

1.Bacteria

•10 times smaller

•Prokaryotes

•Peptidoglycan cell walls

•Binary fission

•For energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis

2.Viruses

•A virus is not a cell!

•Viruses are replicated only when they are in a living host cell

•Consist of DNA or RNA core

•Core is surrounded by a protein coat

•Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope

•What are Viruses

•Viruses  Dependent on Host cells for necessary functions and Multiplication

•Intracellular parasites

•Contain either DNA or RNA never both.

3.Parasites

•Parasitology is the study of parasites .and their interactions with their hosts.

•The science of parasitology has a long history and has its roots in zoology, with its emphasis on the identification and classification of parasites and  of life cycles,

•Taxonomic classification of parasitic organisms

•Parasites are classified into 2 sub-kingdoms: 

 

protozoa (unicellular) and metazoa (multicellular)

 

•Protozoan (unicellular) parasites are classified 

 

according to morphology and means of

 

 

 locomotion. There are 45,000 protozoa species. 

 

 

Most species that cause human disease belong to

 

 

 the phylum's sarcomastigophora and

 

 

 apicomplexa

 

 

•Metazoa (multicellular) include the worms

 

 

 (helminths) and arthropoda (posses an external 

 

 

skeleton) e.g. ticks, lice

4. Fungi

•Considerable variation in size.

•Internal Molecular system

•Well defined cell wall composed of polysaccharides

•Gaining importance in Immunosupressed patients and increased use of Antibiotics

•Equipments and reagents  used in study of microbiology

Microscope

•Magnifies

•Diferent types

Centrifuge

•Sediments particles eg cells bacteria casts and parasites suspended in fluids by exerting a force greater that of gravity.

•Equipments and reagents  used in study of microbiology

Autoclave

•Sterilization

•Temperature of saturated steam  at atmospheric pressure is approximately 100 c

Colorimeter

•Measures hb and other substances in the body which can alter in concentration in disease and during treatment

Incubator

•Controlled temperature  for bacteriological culture, blood transfusion,haematology and other tests

•LABORATORY CLASSIFICATION

Classified based on the biosafety

•Lab safety

•All laboratories post signs regarding safety

•Safety hoods are used to avoid splashing and inhaling possible pathogens.

•Protect Yourself from Infections

•Certain infections can infect you

•Eg  HIV, Hepatitis B infections,Tuberculosis,Many respiratory infections

•Protect others from Infections

•Sterilization

•disinfection

•Inceneration

The end

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